WHO DECLARES MPOX VIRUS AS ‘EMERGENCY’

 

 

Mpox (previously known as Monkey Pox) is a viral disease that spreads between people. Once limited to a few regions, it has now spread to new areas. The first human case of Mpox, formerly known as Monkeypox virus, was detected in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo but was neglected. The virus caused a global outbreak in 2022. The current upsurge in parts of Africa, along with the spread of a new sexually transmissible strain, is an emergency, not only for Africa, but for the entire globe. 

People with mpox can develop skin rashes, fever, headaches, and body aches. Some may also experience a sore throat, cough, and extreme fatigue. The rashes appear as fluid-filled bumps, starting on the tongue or mouth and then spreading to the face, hands, arms, feet, and genitals. The rash can occur anywhere on the body, typically appearing on the arms and legs. Symptoms can take up to two weeks to appear, and most people recover within 2 to 4 weeks. The rash is painful, itchy, and can burst and scab over. Scratching can lead to infection, delayed healing, and scarring.

 

HOW DOES MPOX VIRUS SPREAD?

The mpox virus can enter the body through the eyes, nose, mouth, or any broken skin.

It spreads through contact with the rash fluid or even dry scabs. Transmission can occur through:

·         Direct contact: Touching an infected person, including shaking hands, hugging, kissing, dancing, having sex, or massaging.

·         Indirect contact: Sharing bedding, towels, clothing, utensils, mobile phones, slippers, or other items that have come into contact with the rash fluid.

·         The virus can also spread through respiratory droplets if someone spends a long time (usually 3 hours or more) close to an infected person.      

WHO IS AT RISK OF INFECTION WITH MPOX VIRUS?

Anyone in an outbreak area can get infected, but children and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe illness. Those vaccinated against smallpox are less likely to contract mpox.

MANAGEMENT

Mpox can be managed at home with rest and plenty of fluids, and it usually resolves in 2 to 4 weeks.

·         Paracetamol (acetaminophen) can help reduce fever and pain.

·         To soothe itchy rashes:

o    Bathe with cool water or oatmeal-soaked water.

o    Gently pat the skin dry.

o    Apply calamine lotion several times a day.

o    Use 1% hydrocortisone cream for severe itching.

o    Apply neem oil to soothe inflamed skin.

o    Leave the skin open to air to encourage drying.

o    Wear loose clothing to keep the rashy skin airy but covered when around others.

Keep a close watch on children with mpox until they fully recover, as they might need extra care. Seek emergency help if symptoms spread to the eyes, genitals, or anus, or if there is a high fever (above 39.4°C/103°F in adults or 38.9°C/102°F in children) that doesn’t respond to fever-reducing medications.

VACCINES AND INEQUALITY:

Two vaccines, ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex), originally developed for smallpox, can also protect against mpox.

·         ACAM2000 is not suitable for people with weakened immune systems, eczema, or those who are pregnant.

·         Vaccines are essential for people living or working in crowded conditions in outbreak areas and for healthcare workers treating mpox patients. Unfortunately, wealthier countries are stockpiling these vaccines. It’s crucial to ensure vaccines are distributed to those most in need, not just those with the most resources.

PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF MPOX:

·         People with mpox should isolate until their scabs have completely fallen off. If you need to have prolonged, direct contact with someone with mpox, wear gloves and a clean, dry mask that covers your mouth and nose. Use protective gloves when washing the clothing and bedding of an infected person, and avoid shaking soiled clothes. Wash these items separately using detergent and hot water, and dry them in direct sunlight. Dispose of gloves properly as they may be contaminated.

·         Wash eating utensils with warm, soapy water and avoid sharing them. Frequently wash your hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub, especially after returning home, using the bathroom, before meals, and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose. Avoid touching your face without washing your hands first.

·         Healthcare workers caring for mpox patients should wear protective equipment, including masks, gloves, face shields, and gowns or aprons, especially during prolonged contact.