1) Substances that cause bradycardia. PACED
a) Propranolol (Beta blockers), poppies (opiates), propoxyphene, physostigmine
b) Anticholinesterase drugs (I.e. cholinergics like physostigmine), antiarrythmics
c) Clonidine, calcium channel blockers
d) Ethanol or other alcohols
e) Digoxin, digitalis
2) Substances that cause tachycardia. FAST
a) Free Base or other forms of cocaine, Freon
b) Anticholinergics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, amphetamines, alcohol withdrawal
c) Sympathomimetics (cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines, phencyclidine [PCP]), solvent abuse, strychnine
d) Theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, thyroid hormones
3) Substances that cause hypothermia. COOLS
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Opioids
c) Oral hypoglycaemics, insulin
d) Liquor (alcohols)
e) Sedative-hypnotics
4) Substances that cause hyperthermia. NASA
a) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, nicotine
b) Antihistamines, alcohol withdrawal
c) Salicylates, sympathomimetics, serotonin syndrome
d) Anticholinergics, antidepressants, antipsychotics
5) Substances that cause hypotension. CRASH
a) Clonidine, calcium channel blockers
b) Rodenticides (containing arsenic, cyanide)
c) Antidepressants, aminophylline, antihypertensives
d) Sedative-hypnotics
e) Heroin or other opioids
6) Substances causing hypertension. CT SCAN
a) Cocaine
b) Thyroid supplements
c) Sympathomimetics
d) Caffeine
e) Anticholinergics, amphetamines
f) Nicotine
7) Substances that cause hyperventilation. PANT
a) PCP, paraquat pneumonitis, phosgene
b) Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other salicylates
c) Noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema, nerve agents
d) Toxin-induced metabolic acidosis
8) Substances that cause hypoventilation SLOW
a) Sedative-hypnotics (barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
b) Liquor (alcohols)
c) Opioids
d) Weed (marijuana)
9) Substances causing a wide anion-gap acidosis. CAT MUD PILES
a) Cyanide, carbon monoxide, colchicine
b) Alcohol, alcoholic ketoacidosis, acetaminophen (in large doses)
c) Toluene
d) Methanol, metformin
e) Uraemia
f) Diabetic Ketoacidosis
g) Paraldehyde
h) Isoniazid, iron
i) Lactic acidosis
j) Ethylene glycol
k) Salicylates
10) Potentially lethal toxins where early activated charcoal maybe indicated. Killer C’s
a) Cyanide
b) Colchicine
c) Calcium channel blockers
d) Cyclic antidepressants
e) Cardiac glycosides
f) Cyclopeptide mushrooms
g) Cocaine
h) Cicutoxin (water hemlock)
i) Salicylates
11) Substances that do not bind to charcoal. PHAILS
a) Pesticides
b) Heavy metals
c) Acids/alkalis/alcohols
d) Iron
e) Lithium
f) Solvents
12) Dialysable Toxins. PLASMA TV
a) Phenobarbitol
b) Lithium
c) Acidosis
d) Salicylates
e) Metformin
f) Alcohols
g) Theophylline
h) Valproic Acid
13) Substances amenable to multi-dose activated charcoal. ABCDQ
a) Aminophylline / theophylline
b) Barbiturates
c) Carbamazepine / concretion forming drugs (salicylates)
d) Dapsone
e) Quinine
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