SOP for Antenatal Ultrasound Services – PCPNDT Compliance (Odisha)

📝 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

For Antenatal Ultrasound Services – PCPNDT Compliance (Odisha)

1. Objective

To ensure ethical, legal, and standardized practice of antenatal ultrasound in compliance with the PCPNDT Act and Odisha Health Department guidelines.

2. Scope

Applicable to all registered ultrasound centers, radiologists, sonologists, and support staff involved in antenatal USG services.

3. Pre-USG Protocol

• ✅ Verification of Pregnancy
• Confirmed by prescription from a registered medical practitioner (RMP)
• Must include gestational age and indication for USG
• ✅ Photo ID Proof Collection
• Acceptable IDs: Aadhaar, Voter ID, PAN card, Driving License, or Government-issued ID
• Photocopy to be attached with Form F
• ID number to be recorded in Form F
• ✅ Form F Completion
• Must be filled before the ultrasound
• Signed by both the pregnant woman and the radiologist
• Ensure all fields are complete, especially:
• Address
• Age
• Gravida/Para
• Indication for USG
• Declaration of non-disclosure of sex

4. During USG

• Only medically indicated scans to be performed
• No disclosure or suggestion of fetal sex
• Maintain professional and ethical conduct

5. Post-USG Documentation

• Form F to be filed and stored securely
• Daily record register to be updated
• Monthly reports to be submitted to the District Appropriate Authority

6. Audit & Compliance

• Internal audit every 3 months
• Random verification of Form F and ID proof
• Staff sensitization on PCPNDT provisions

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✅ Antenatal USG Compliance Checklist

Step	Requirement	Status
1	Prescription from RMP	☐
2	Photo ID proof collected	☐
3	Form F filled before USG	☐
4	Form F signed by patient & radiologist	☐
5	No sex disclosure	☐
6	Daily register updated	☐
7	Monthly report submitted	☐
8	ID proof attached to Form F	☐

 

"Understanding When to Pause Medications—and the Science Behind It"

 

BREAST IS BEST; BABY FORMULA CAN BE DANGEROUS,

  

Breast is best

🍼 Breast Milk: Nature’s Perfect Food for Babies

• Breast milk gives babies everything they need to grow strong and healthy.
• It protects them from serious illnesses like diarrhea, pneumonia, diabetes, and even some types of cancer.
• Being close to the mother during breastfeeding helps babies feel safe and loved.
• It’s always clean, fresh, and ready—no heating or preparation needed.

💪 Breastfeeding Benefits for Mothers

• It helps the mother’s womb shrink back after birth and reduces bleeding.
• Breastfeeding naturally delays the next pregnancy.
• It lowers the risk of weak bones (osteoporosis) and certain cancers later in life.
• Best of all, it’s completely free—no extra cost to the family.

Baby formula can be dangerous

⚠️ Formula Feeding: Risks to Know

• Companies often promote formula as modern and just as good,but it lacks many health benefits of breast milk.
• Formula doesn’t match breast milk's nutrition. It can have too much or too little of important nutrients.
• It’s harder for babies to digest and may lead to stomach problems.
• Bottle-feeding needs clean water and fuel for boiling. Dirty bottles or water can cause deadly diarrhea.
• Formula is expensive.
• To save money, some families dilute it with extra water. This can slow down growth and make babies sick.

“Breast milk provides all the water and nourishment a baby needs.”

Some people give water, teas, tinned milk, or other drinks to their babies, but for the first 6 months this is not necessary and is in fact dangerous. Giving other drinks can fill the baby up without giving her nutrition. Water and other drinks may not be clean; and can cause infection.

Just 2 shots a year: WHO endorses lenacapavir for HIV prevention

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued new guidelines recommending injectable lenacapavir as a new pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) option for HIV prevention, marking a major step in the global HIV response. 

The announcement was made at the 13th International AIDS Society Conference (IAS 2025) in Kigali, Rwanda.

Lenacapavir, the first PrEP product requiring only 2 doses per year, provides a long-acting alternative to daily oral PrEP, with high efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials. The new guidance supports lenacapavir’s use as part of a diversified HIV prevention strategy, particularly for individuals who face barriers to adherence, stigma, or limited healthcare access.

“While an HIV vaccine remains elusive, lenacapavir is the next best thing: a long-acting antiretroviral shown in trials to prevent almost all HIV infections among those at risk,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “WHO is committed to working with countries and partners to ensure this innovation reaches communities as quickly and safely as possible.”

The guidance follows the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of lenacapavir for PrEP and arrives amid stagnating global HIV prevention efforts. In 2024, there were 1.3 million new HIV infections globally, with disproportionate impacts on key and priority populations such as sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender individuals, people who inject drugs, incarcerated people, and adolescents.

To support the implementation of long-acting PrEP options, the WHO has also recommended simplified HIV testing strategies, including the use of rapid diagnostic tests. This approach aims to remove access barriers by enabling community-based delivery through pharmacies, clinics, and telehealth.

Lenacapavir now joins the growing range of WHO-recommended PrEP tools, including daily oral PrEP, long-acting injectable cabotegravir, and the dapivirine vaginal ring. While access to lenacapavir remains limited outside clinical trials, the WHO is urging countries, donors, and global partners to integrate it into national HIV prevention programmes and gather data on its real-world use.

Alongside the PrEP guidelines, the WHO also issued updates to its antiretroviral treatment (ART) recommendations. Notably, it now endorses the use of injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine as an alternative ART option for people with full viral suppression on oral regimens, in the absence of active hepatitis B infection.

The WHO also called for greater integration of HIV services with noncommunicable disease care, including hypertension, diabetes, mental health, and substance use treatment. Additionally, the new guidelines support screening for asymptomatic gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia among key populations, and recommend prompt ART initiation for individuals with HIV and mpox who are either ART-naive or have experienced treatment interruption.

At the end of 2024, an estimated 40.8 million people were living with HIV worldwide, with the WHO African Region accounting for 65% of cases. That year, 630,000 people died of HIV-related illnesses and 120,000 children were newly infected. Despite increased ART access -- 31.6 million people were on treatment in 2024, up from 30.3 million in 2023 -- funding shortfalls threaten progress.

In response, the WHO has released operational guidance to help countries sustain essential HIV services, prioritise interventions, and adapt to shifting financing environments.

“We have the tools and the knowledge to end AIDS as a public health problem,” said Dr Meg Doherty, Director of WHO’s Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI [Sexually Transmitted Infection] Programmes. “What we need now is bold implementation of these recommendations, grounded in equity and powered by communities.”

Source: World Health Organization

Estrogen-only hormone therapy lowers young-onset breast cancer risk

The odds of breast cancer in women aged under 55 years are reduced by treatment with unopposed estrogen hormone therapy (E-HT) vs no hormone therapy, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Oncology.¹

Differing risks based on hormone type

In comparison, the data found increased breast cancer risk in women treated with estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy (EP-HT) vs no hormone therapy. This highlighted different influences on breast cancer risk from 2 common types of hormone therapy, indicating potential guidelines for clinical recommendations about hormone therapy use in young women.¹

“Our study provides greater understanding of the risks associated with different types of hormone therapy, which we hope will help patients and their doctors develop more informed treatment plans,” said Katie O’Brien, PhD, lead author from the National Institute of Health’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS).¹

Hormone therapy use in premenopausal women

The trial was conducted to assess the link between exogenous hormones and breast cancer in young women.² According to investigators, this population may undergo hormone therapy as management of premenopausal symptoms or following gynecological surgery.

Women with hysterectomy are the only population recommended to receive E-HT because of the link with uterine cancer risk.¹ However, oophorectomy may lead to E-HT or EP-HT use, alongside menopause symptom onset.

Global data and risk assessment

Data was obtained from 10 to 13 prospective cohorts in North America, Asia, Europe, and Australia. Participants underwent follow-up to identify breast cancer incidence while aged under 55 years.²

Hazard ratios (HRs), were determined through cohort-stratified, multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. Additionally, investigators evaluated risk differences based on cumulative risk until age 55 years.²

Hormone therapy usage and outcomes

There were 459,476 women aged 16 to 54 years included in the analysis. Young-onset breast cancer was reported in 2% of these patients across a median of 7.8 years. Hormone therapy was reported in 15%, with EP-HT reported in 6% and E-HT in 5%. These were the 2 most common types of hormone therapy used in the study cohort.²

In non-users, a cumulative risk of 4.1% was reported for breast cancer. Incident young-onset breast cancer risk was not significantly impacted by hormone therapy overall with an HR of 0.96. However, E-HT use was linked to a decreased risk, with an HR of 0.86.²

For EP-HT use, the risk was increased vs no hormone therapy, with an HR of 1.10. When EP-HT was used for over 2 years, the HR increased to 1.18, highlighting positive associations with long-term use. Similarly, and HR of 1.15 was reported for EP-HT use in women without hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy.²

Subtype-specific risks and clinical implications

Similar links were reported for all breast cancer subtypes. However, EP-HT use had more significant associations with estrogen receptor-negative and triple-negative disease than other subtypes, with HRs of 1.55 and 1.50, respectively.²

Overall, the results indicated reduced odds of young-onset breast cancer from E-HT but increased odds from EP-HT. Investigators concluded this data can be used to develop clinical guidelines for hormone use in younger women.

“Women and their health care providers should weigh the benefits of symptom relief against the potential risks associated with hormone therapy, especially EP-HT. For women with an intact uterus and ovaries, the increased risk of breast cancer with EP-HT should prompt careful deliberation,” said Dale Sandler, PhD, senior author and NIEHS scientist.

References

1. Breast cancer risk in younger women may be influenced by hormone therapy. National Institutes of Health. June 30, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1088954?
2. O’Brien KM, House MG, Goldberg M, et al. Hormone therapy use and young-onset breast cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts included in the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group. The Lancet Oncology. 2025;26(7):911-923. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00211-6                                                                                                                                                      https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/

ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବାନ୍ତିର ଉପଚାର

 

ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବାନ୍ତି ହେବା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ହୋଇପାରେ | ଏହା ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାକୁ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ଉଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ  ହରମୋନର ବୃଦ୍ଧି ସହିତ ଜଡିତ | ବାନ୍ତି ସତ୍ୱେ ଆପଣ ଏବଂ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଶିଶୁ ପାଇଁ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାପ୍ତ ଜଳ  ଏବଂ ପୁଷ୍ଟିକର ଖାଦ୍ୟ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିବା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଟେ| ଅଧିକାଂଶ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ପ୍ରଥମ ତ୍ରୈମାସିକ (୧୨ ସପ୍ତାହ) ପରେ ବାନ୍ତି ବହୁତ ମାତ୍ରାରେ କମିଯାଏ, ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାର ପ୍ରଥମ ତ୍ରୈମାସିକରେ ଔଷଧ ସେବନକୁ  ସୀମିତ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିବା ବାଞ୍ଛାନିୟ, ତା ସାଙ୍ଗ କୁ ଡିହାଇଡ୍ରେସନ୍ରୁ ବଂଚିବାକୁ ହେବ | ଡିହାଇଡ୍ରେସନ୍ ଜନିତ ଜଟିଳତା ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଶରୀରର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ଗୁଡିକର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଦକ୍ଷତାରେ ଶୀଥିଳତା ଆଣିଦେଇପାରେ | ସେଥିପାଇଁ  ଆମେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ନିମ୍ନ ଲିଖିତ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ପ୍ରୋଟୋକଲ୍ ସୁପାରିଶ କରୁଛୁ |

ଯଦି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ସାଧାରଣ ଉପଚାର ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିବାର ୨୪ ଘଣ୍ଟା ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପେଟରେ କୌଣସି ତରଳ ପଦାର୍ଥ ରଖିବାରେ ଅସମର୍ଥ ରୁହନ୍ତି, ଦୟାକରି ଆପଣଙ୍କର ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସେବା ପ୍ରଦାନକାରୀଙ୍କ ସହାୟତା ନିଅନ୍ତୁ |

ଖାଦ୍ୟପେୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶାବଳୀ:

୧.  ଚଢେଇଙ୍କ ପରି ବାରମ୍ବାର ଛୋଟ ଭୋଜନ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତୁ |

୨.  ଶଯ୍ୟା ପାଖରେ ମନ ପସନ୍ଦର  ସ୍ବାଦିଷ୍ଟ କ୍ରାକର, କୁରକୁରେ, ଚକୋଲେଟ ଆଦି ରଖନ୍ତୁ ଓ ଉଠିବା ମାତ୍ରକେ ଖାଆନ୍ତୁ |

୩. କମ୍ ଚର୍ବି ଓ ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ହଜମ କରିବା ସହଜ ଅଟେ (ଯେପରିକି କମ୍ ଚର୍ବିଯୁକ୍ତ କ୍ଷୀର, ମାଂସର ପତଳା କଟା, ଭଜା କିମ୍ବା ପାକ ମାଛ କିମ୍ବା ଚିକେନ୍) 

୪. ସେପରି, କାର୍ବୋହାଇଡ୍ରେଟ୍ ହଜମ ହେବା ସହଜ (ଯେପରିକି ଚାଉଳ, ପାସ୍ତା, ଆଳୁ, ଶସ୍ୟ, କ୍ରାକର ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) |

୫. ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ତନ୍ତୁଯୁକ୍ତ  କିମ୍ବା ମସଲାଯୁକ୍ତ ଖାଦ୍ୟରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ |

୬. ଅଧିକ ଗ୍ୟାସ୍ ହେଉଥିବା ଖାଦ୍ୟରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ (ଯେପରିକି କୋବି, ବ୍ରୋକୋଲି, ପିଆଜ, ବିନ୍ସ ଏବଂ ସମ୍ଭବତଃ        ଦୁଗ୍ଧ) |

୭. ଶୋଇବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଏକ ପ୍ରୋଟିନ୍ ଯୁକ୍ତ ସ୍ନାକ୍ସ ଖାଆନ୍ତୁ (ଯେପରିକି କଦଳୀ ବଟର କିମ୍ବା କମ୍ ଚର୍ବିଯୁକ୍ତ ପନିର) |

୮. ପିପର୍ମିଣ୍ଟ୍, ଅଦା ଚା ଆଦି ପାକସ୍ଥଳୀକୁ ଶାନ୍ତ କରିଥାଏ |

୯. ଡିହାଇଡ୍ରେସନ୍ ହେବାକୁ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ | ପ୍ରଚୁର ପାଣି ପିଅନ୍ତୁ!

ସାଧାରଣ ସୁପାରିଶ:

୧. ପ୍ରଚୁର ସତେଜ ପବନର ଆନନ୍ଦ ନିଅନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ଅଧିକ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନିଅନ୍ତୁ!

୨. ଆଖପାଖରୁ ଆପତ୍ତିଜନକ ଦୁର୍ଗନ୍ଧ ବାହାର କରନ୍ତୁ |

୩. ଖଟରୁ ଧୀରେ ଧୀରେ ଉଠନ୍ତୁ; ଆଡଜଷ୍ଟ କରିବାକୁ ନିଜକୁ କିଛି ମିନିଟ୍ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ |

୪. ଢିଲା ପୋଷାକ ପିନ୍ଧନ୍ତୁ |

୫. ଏକ ଗରମ ପ୍ୟାଡ୍ କିମ୍ବା ଗରମ ପାଣି ବୋତଲର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ବାନ୍ତି ଜନିତ ପେଟର ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାକୁ ଶାନ୍ତ କରିପାରେ 

୬.ଏକ୍ୟୁପଞ୍ଚର୍, ବାନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ବାନ୍ତି ସହିତ ମୁକାବିଲା କରିବାରେ ବହୁତ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ହୋଇପାରେ |

 

ଅଣ-କ୍ଷତକାରୀ   ଉପକରଣ:

ଆକ୍ୟୁପ୍ରେସର ବ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ, ହାତଗୋଡ ବ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ (ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଫାର୍ମାସିରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ) |

ଔଷଧୀୟ ଉପଚାର:

୧. ଆପଣଙ୍କର ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସେବା ପ୍ରଦାନକାରୀଙ୍କ ବିନା ପରାମର୍ଶରେ  କୌଣସି  ବାନ୍ତି ରୋକିବା ଔଷଧ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତୁ     ନାହିଁ |

୨. ବ୍ୟବହାର ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ଓଭର-ଦି-କାଉଣ୍ଟର ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ଔଷଧ ଗୁଡିକ ହେଲା: -

                               କ) ଭିଟାମିନ୍ ବି ୬ -, ୨୫ ମିଗ୍ରା, ସକାଳେ ଗୋଟିଏ, ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ |

                               ଖ) ଶୋଇବା ସମୟରେ ଡକ୍ଷୀଲାମିନ ଟାବଲେଟ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଉପଯୋଗୀ ଅଟେ |

                               ଗ) ସ୍ଫଟିକ୍ ଅଦା |

                               ଘ) ଏନଜାଇମ୍ ବଟିକା |

୩. ଅନେକ ପ୍ରସବକାଳୀନ ଭିଟାମିନ୍ ବାନ୍ତି ଲାଗେ | ଶୋଇବା ସମୟରେ ଆପଣ ଖାଦ୍ୟ ସହିତ ଆପଣଙ୍କର ଭିଟାମିନ୍   ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିପାରନ୍ତି, କିମ୍ବା ଅନେକ ସମୟରେ ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡ ବଦଳାଇବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ବାନ୍ତିର ଉପସମ  ହୋଇଥାଏ |