SWARAJ HOSPITAL & RESEARCH INSTITUTE
BOLANGIR, ODISHA • OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY CLINICAL PATHWAY SERIES
Clinician Reference Infographic
Government Programs for Reproductive and Child Health
Government programmes give women and children free, continuous care and financial support. This guide covers the framework, pregnancy and childbirth schemes, newborn and child programmes, immunisation, adolescent and family planning services, social protection, and how to use them, following the JANANI approach.
ЁЯОп AT A GLANCE — GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES
India's programmes follow a continuum of care: adolescence, family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, the newborn, infancy, and childhood — delivered mainly through the National Health Mission (NHM) and its Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) strategy
Free care is an entitlement: delivery (including caesarean section), drugs, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport in government facilities — women and sick infants should never be turned away
Frontline link: the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), the auxiliary nurse midwife, and the Anganwadi worker register, counsel, escort, and follow up
Core tools: the Mother and Child Protection (MCP) card, the U-WIN digital immunisation platform, 108 and 102 ambulances, and Maternal Death Surveillance and Response
Odisha is classed as a Low Performing State for Janani Suraksha Yojana, so women in Odisha receive the higher package
Know the entitlements and refer into the right scheme — a woman who cannot pay should still receive full care
ЁЯЧ║️ THE CONTINUUM OF CARE AND THE PROGRAMME AT EACH STAGE
1 · AdolescenceRashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram, Anaemia Mukt Bharat, HPV vaccine
2 · Family planningContraceptive basket, sterilisation, safe abortion
3 · PregnancyMCP card, antenatal care, Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, maternity benefit
4 · ChildbirthJanani Suraksha Yojana, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram, LaQshya, SUMAN
5 · NewbornHome visits, special newborn care units, kangaroo mother care, MAA
6 · Infant and childImmunisation, Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram, nutrition, diarrhoea, pneumonia
ЁЯПЫ️ THE FRAMEWORK
| Element | Details |
|---|---|
| History | Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme from 1997, combining child survival, safe motherhood, family planning, abortion, and reproductive tract infection services; RCH Phase II from 2005 under the National Rural Health Mission; RCH+A in 2013 adding adolescent health; NHM covers rural and urban areas |
| Strategy | RMNCH+A: a continuum of care across life stages and across home, community, and facility (the 'plus' adds adolescents and linkages with nutrition, water, and sanitation) |
| Delivery points | Health and wellness centres (sub-centres and primary health centres), community health centres, first referral units (with caesarean and blood facilities), district hospitals, Anganwadi centres, and village health and nutrition days |
| Frontline workers | ASHA (incentive-based community health worker), auxiliary nurse midwife, Anganwadi worker, multipurpose worker |
| Tracking | MCP card (the woman's and child's health record); name-based registration of every pregnancy and child; U-WIN (digital immunisation registry with reminders and certificates) |
| Emergency transport | National ambulance services (108 and 102); updated guidelines standardise vehicles, staff, equipment, and digital integration |
| Targets | Sustainable Development Goal 3: maternal mortality under 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030 (also the Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan Roadmap 2030 target); India Newborn Action Plan: single-digit neonatal mortality and stillbirth rates by 2030 (from memory) |
ЁЯд░ MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES
| Programme | Details |
|---|---|
| Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) | Launched 12 April 2005; cash for institutional delivery. Low Performing States (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Rajasthan, Odisha, Jammu and Kashmir): all women delivering in government facilities. Rural: mother Rs 1,400, ASHA Rs 600; urban: mother Rs 1,000, ASHA Rs 400. High Performing States: below-poverty-line, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe women; rural Rs 700, urban Rs 600 for the mother (amounts as reported in secondary sources and the 2017–18 annual report; check the current order) |
| Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) | Launched 1 June 2011: free delivery including caesarean, drugs and consumables, diagnostics, blood, diet, and transport; extended in 2013 to antenatal and postnatal complications and to sick infants up to 1 year; reduces out-of-pocket spending |
| Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) | Free, comprehensive antenatal check by an obstetrician or medical officer on the 9th of every month; over 7.91 crore check-ups and over 1.24 crore high-risk pregnancies detected (as reported); follow up high-risk women with the ASHA and red-card labelling (from memory) |
| Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) | Ministry of Women and Child Development: Rs 5,000 for the first child in two instalments (Rs 3,000 after pregnancy registration and one antenatal check within 6 months of the last menstrual period; Rs 2,000 after birth registration and the child's vaccines up to 14 weeks); Rs 6,000 for a second child if a girl; age 19 or more; excludes regular government and public-sector employees; deadlines vary, so check the portal |
| LaQshya | Quality improvement of labour rooms and maternity operation theatres with national certification; 1,244 labour rooms and 917 maternity operation theatres certified by February 2026 (as reported) |
| Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan (SUMAN) | Assured, dignified, respectful, zero-cost care and zero denial; SUMAN Roadmap 2030 aims for maternal mortality under 70 |
| Maternal Death Surveillance and Response | Notify, review, and act on every maternal death (see the Reproductive Morbidity and Maternal Mortality sheet) |
| Obstetric high-dependency and intensive care units | Critical care for the sickest women (see the Obstetric ICU sheet) |
Standard antenatal contacts (from memory): at least 4 visits (first in the first trimester), tetanus–diphtheria (Td) vaccine, iron and folic acid, calcium, deworming, haemoglobin, blood pressure, urine, HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B testing, and an ultrasound at least once
ЁЯС╢ NEWBORN AND CHILD PROGRAMMES
| Programme | Details |
|---|---|
| Home-based newborn and young child care | ASHA home visits in the first 42 days (more for low-birth-weight and sick newborns) and in the first 36 months (Samagra Shishu Bal Swasthya Karyakram combines home-based newborn care and home-based young child care); danger-sign checks, breastfeeding support, and referral |
| Facility-based newborn care | Special newborn care units (district), newborn stabilisation units (first referral units), and newborn care corners (delivery points); 2017–18 report: 712 special newborn care units, 2,329 stabilisation units, 18,323 newborn care corners (now higher); see the Care of Premature Newborn sheet |
| Kangaroo mother care and MAA | Kangaroo mother care for low-birth-weight and preterm babies; MAA (Mothers' Absolute Affection) promotes breastfeeding within the first hour and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (from memory) |
| Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) | Screens children from birth to 18 years for the '4 Ds': birth defects, diseases, developmental delays, and deficiencies; about 30 conditions covered; Anganwadi screening at 0–6 years and school screening at 6–18 years; District Early Intervention Centres for follow-up |
| Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres | Facility care for children with severe acute malnutrition and medical complications; 1,148 centres in the 2017–18 report |
| Diarrhoea and pneumonia | ORS with zinc (Stop Diarrhoea Campaign) and SAANS (Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralise Pneumonia Successfully) (from memory) |
| Poshan Abhiyaan and Anganwadi services | Supplementary nutrition, growth monitoring, early childhood education, and counselling for pregnant and lactating women and children under 6 (from memory) |
ЁЯТЙ UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION PROGRAMME (UIP)
| Age | Vaccines |
|---|---|
| Birth | BCG, oral polio vaccine (OPV) zero dose, hepatitis B birth dose |
| 6 weeks | OPV-1, pentavalent-1, rotavirus-1, fractional inactivated polio vaccine (fIPV)-1, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-1 |
| 10 weeks | OPV-2, pentavalent-2, rotavirus-2 |
| 14 weeks | OPV-3, pentavalent-3, rotavirus-3, fIPV-2, PCV-2 |
| 9–12 months | Measles-rubella (MR) 1, Japanese encephalitis 1 (endemic districts), PCV booster |
| 16–24 months | MR-2, Japanese encephalitis 2, DPT booster 1, OPV booster |
| 5–6 years | DPT booster 2 |
| 10 and 16 years | Tetanus–diphtheria (Td) |
| Pregnancy | Td-1 and Td-2, or one Td booster if vaccinated within the previous 3 years |
UIP began in 1985 and protects against 12 diseases; additions: inactivated polio vaccine (2015), rotavirus (2016), measles-rubella (2017), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (2017); Mission Indradhanush (from December 2014) targets missed children and pregnant women; HPV vaccine for 14-year-old girls began on 28 February 2026 (about 1.15 crore girls); indigenous Td vaccine launched 21 February 2026 (per PIB)
ЁЯУ▓ COVERAGE AND DIGITAL TOOLS
Full immunisation coverage was about 76% in the National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21); the Press Information Bureau reports 98.4% in January 2026 from administrative data — the two measures differ, so quote the source
U-WIN (launched October 2024): one mobile number can register up to 10 people; 12 languages; by March 2026 it had registered about 11.87 crore children and 3.96 crore pregnant women (as reported)
eVIN (Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network) tracks vaccine stock and cold-chain temperature in real time
Vaccines are free at sub-centres, primary and community health centres, hospitals, and outreach sessions; ASHAs and Anganwadi workers mobilise families
ЁЯзСЁЯОУ ADOLESCENT HEALTH, ANAEMIA AND FAMILY PLANNING
| Programme | Details |
|---|---|
| Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) | Adolescent health: nutrition, weekly iron and folic acid supplementation, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, injuries, substance misuse, and non-communicable disease; adolescent-friendly health clinics; peer educators (the Saathiya initiative) |
| Anaemia Mukt Bharat | Prevent and treat anaemia in children, adolescents, women of reproductive age, and pregnant and lactating women; strategy revised from 6×6×6 to 7×7×7 (adding low-birth-weight infants, 'eating right', and digital tracking); 'Test, Treat, Talk, Track' |
| HPV vaccination | Free quadrivalent vaccine for 14-year-old girls at government facilities from 28 February 2026; cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer in Indian women with about 80,000 new cases and over 42,000 deaths a year (as reported); screening reaches under 2% of women aged 30 to 49 |
| Contraceptive basket | Condoms, oral pills, emergency contraception (within 72 hours), the injectable DMPA, copper intrauterine devices (Cu-T 380A, effective for up to 10 years), female sterilisation, and vasectomy; ASHAs deliver condoms and pills to the doorstep |
| Sterilisation and indemnity | Family Planning Indemnity Scheme and standards (see the Female Sterilisation sheet) |
| Safe abortion | Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act services free in government facilities (see the medicolegal sheet) |
ЁЯТ░ CASH, INSURANCE AND LEAVE
| Scheme | Details |
|---|---|
| Maternity Benefit Act (2017 amendment) | 26 weeks' paid leave for the first two children for women in covered establishments (from memory) |
| Ayushman Bharat — PM-JAY | Cashless hospital cover for eligible families (Rs 5 lakh per family per year, from memory); covers many obstetric and newborn procedures |
| State schemes | Odisha has its own maternal cash-transfer scheme (MAMATA) and state health-assurance schemes; check the current state notification and how they fit with PMMVY (from memory) |
| Social benefits | Public distribution system, take-home rations at Anganwadi centres, and school meals support nutrition |
ЁЯзн WHAT TO INVOKE WHEN
| Situation | Programme or action |
|---|---|
| Woman cannot afford delivery or a caesarean | Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram: free care and no charges |
| No transport in labour or for a sick infant | Call 108 or 102; Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram transport |
| Pregnant woman in the first trimester | Register on the MCP card, enrol for PMMVY, advise the 9th-of-the-month check |
| High-risk pregnancy | Flag it, plan delivery at a first referral unit or higher centre, track with the ASHA |
| Sick or low-birth-weight newborn | Special newborn care unit, kangaroo mother care, home-based newborn care visits |
| Child with a birth defect or developmental delay | Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram and the District Early Intervention Centre |
| Missed vaccines | U-WIN catch-up at the nearest session; Mission Indradhanush |
| Anaemic woman or adolescent | Anaemia Mukt Bharat: test, treat, talk, track |
| Maternal death | Notify and review under Maternal Death Surveillance and Response |
⚠️ COMMON PITFALLS
Asking families to buy drugs, blood, or tests that are free
Not registering the pregnancy or child, so cash benefits and vaccine reminders are missed
Quoting old cash amounts or deadlines — orders change; confirm with the current notification
Poor follow-up of high-risk women and of discharged newborns
Missing vaccines at birth (BCG, polio zero dose, hepatitis B) and in pregnancy (Td)
Treating schemes as paperwork instead of a safety net for the woman and child
Memory Aid
JANANI
Six pillars of government reproductive and child health programmes.
J
JSY and JSSK — cash for delivery; free delivery, drugs, blood, diet, and transport
A
Antenatal care — MCP card, the 9th-of-the-month check, PMMVY, high-risk follow-up
N
Newborn care — home visits, special newborn care units, kangaroo mother care
A
Anaemia and nutrition — Anaemia Mukt Bharat, Poshan Abhiyaan, Anganwadi
N
Needle protection — UIP, Td in pregnancy, U-WIN, Mission Indradhanush, HPV
I
Inclusive adolescent and family planning services — RKSK, contraception, safe abortion
Remember: register, refer, and never deny a free entitlement.
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